Cancer cachexia differentially regulates visceral adipose tissue turnover

Cancer cachexia differentially regulates visceral adipose tissue turnover:

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a progressive metabolic syndrome that is marked by severe body weight loss. Metabolic disarrangement of fat tissues is a very early event in CC, followed by adipose tissue (AT) atrophy and remodelling. However, there is little information regarding the possible involvement of cellular turnover in this process. Thus, we evaluated the effect of CC on AT turnover of mesenteric (ME) and retroperitoneal (RP) AT depots as possible factors that contribute to AT atrophy.

CC was induced by a subcutaneous injection of Walker tumour cells (2x10⁷) in Wistar rats. The experimental rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: 0 days, 4 days, 7 days and 14 days post-injection. AT turnover was analysed according to the Pref-1/adiponectin ratio of gene expression from the stromal vascular fraction and pro-apoptotic caspases-3 and -9 from MEAT and RPAT. Fibrosis was verified according to the total collagen levels and expression of extracellular matrix genes. AT turnover was verified by measurements of lipolytic protein expression.

The Pref-1/adiponectin ratio was decreased in RPAT (81.9%, p<0.05) with no changes in MEAT compared with the respective controls. Caspase-3 and -9 were activated on day 14 only in RPAT. Collagen was increased on day 7 in RPAT (1.3-fold) and MEAT (4.3-fold). The collagen 1A1, 3A1, MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA levels were up-regulated only in MEAT in CC. Lipid turnover was verified in RPAT and was not modified in CC.

The results suggest that CC affects RPAT cellular turnover, which may be determinant for RPAT atrophy.



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