Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Human Pancreatic Islets in Health and Type 2 Diabetes

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Åsa Segerstolpe, Athanasia Palasantza, Pernilla Eliasson, Eva-Marie Andersson, Anne-Christine Andréasson, Xiaoyan Sun, Simone Picelli, Alan Sabirsh, Maryam Clausen, Magnus K. Bjursell, David M. Smith, Maria Kasper, Carina Ämmälä, Rickard Sandberg
Hormone-secreting cells within pancreatic islets of Langerhans play important roles in metabolic homeostasis and disease. However, their transcriptional characterization is still incomplete. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of thousands of human islet cells from healthy and type 2 diabetic donors. We could define specific genetic programs for each individual endocrine and exocrine cell type, even for rare δ, γ, ε, and stellate cells, and revealed subpopulations of α, β, and acinar cells. Intriguingly, δ cells expressed several important receptors, indicating an unrecognized importance of these cells in integrating paracrine and systemic metabolic signals. Genes previously associated with obesity or diabetes were found to correlate with BMI. Finally, comparing healthy and T2D transcriptomes in a cell-type resolved manner uncovered candidates for future functional studies. Altogether, our analyses demonstrate the utility of the generated single-cell gene expression resource.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Segerstolpe et al. use single-cell transcriptomics to generate transcriptional profiles of individual pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells of healthy and type 2 diabetic donors. They revealed cell-type-specific gene expression and novel subpopulations, as well as gene correlations to BMI and gene expression alterations in diabetes.


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