GAD65 neurological autoimmunity.

GAD65 neurological autoimmunity.

Muscle Nerve. 2017 Jan 07;:

Authors: McKeon A, Tracy JA

Abstract
The glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-isoform (GAD65) antibody is a biomarker of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders and, more commonly, non-neurological autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and pernicious anemia are the most frequent GAD65 autoimmune associations. One or more of these disorders coexists in approximately 70% of patients with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. Neurological phenotypes have CNS localization and include limbic encephalitis, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and stiff-person syndrome (SPS), among others. Classic SPS is a disorder on the spectrum of CNS hyperexcitability which also includes phenotypes that are either more restricted (stiff-limb syndrome) or more widespread (progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus). GAD65 antibody is not highly predictive of a paraneoplastic cause for neurological disorders, but diverse cancer types have been occasionally reported. For all phenotypes, responses to immunotherapy are variable (approximately 50% improve). GAD65 autoimmunity is important to recognize for both coexisting non-neurological autoimmune associations and potential immunotherapy-response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28063151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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