Abstract
Background
Beverage intake in employees is important to quantify due to the potential of dehydration to increase the risk of errors and reduced work performance. This systematic review aimed to 1) characterise existing fluid intake measurement tools used in the workplace setting or amongst free-living, healthy adults of working age and 2) report the current validation status of available assessment tools for use in a UK setting.
Methods
Three electronic databases were searched for publications measuring beverage intake using a defined tool or method. Additional studies were identified by hand from trial registers, grey literature, and reference lists. Eligibility was determined using pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology framework. Narrative synthesis was performed.
Results
The review identified 105 studies. The most frequently re ported beverage assessment methods were total diet diaries/records (n=22), fluid specific diaries/records (n=18), food and fluid frequency questionnaires (n=17), beverage specific frequency questionnaires (n=23) and diet recalls (n=11). General dietary measurement tools (measuring beverages as part of total diet) were used in 60 studies, and 45 studies used a beverage specific tool. This review identified 18 distinct dietary assessment tools, of which six were fluid/beverage specific. Twelve tools published relative validity for a beverage related variable and seven tools for total daily fluid intake (from whole diet or from beverages only).
Conclusions
Several fluid intake assessment tools were identified; however, few have been fully evaluated for total beverage intake, and none in a UK working population.
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