Chemical Senses by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis: Ιανουαρίου 2017

Τρίτη 31 Ιανουαρίου 2017

IOP-details

Publication date: March 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 113

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Editorial Board

Publication date: March 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 113

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Instructions to Authors

Publication date: March 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 113

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Correlation between auditory brainstem response and hearing prognosis in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Hung-Che Lin, Yu-Ching Chou, Chih-Hung Wang, Li-Wen Hung, Cheng-Ping Shih, Bor-Hwang Kang, Wen-Ying Yeh, Hsin-Chien Chen
ObjectiveTo investigate the latency and amplitude of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and hearing prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).MethodsPatients with ISSNHL were classified into four different recovery groups. All patients' clinical and demographic features were analyzed. Two-channel ABRs were collected in response to click stimuli at 90dB nHL. ABR amplitudes for wave I and ABR latency for waves I, III, and V were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and two patients (54 men and 48 women) were included in the study. Hearing recovery was observed in 72 cases (70.6%). Waves I, III, and V latencies were significantly prolonged in the affected ears compared with the unaffected ears. A smaller wave I amplitude was found in the affected ear compared with the unaffected ear in the three recovery groups. There was a significant association between wave I latency and hearing outcome (p=0.009) with a prolonged trend from complete to slight hearing recovery group.ConclusionsThere was a significant correlation between wave I latency and hearing outcome in patients with ISSNHL. The finding may provide diagnostic information and serve as a potential prognostic indicator in patients with ISSNHL.

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Correlation between auditory brainstem response and hearing prognosis in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Hung-Che Lin, Yu-Ching Chou, Chih-Hung Wang, Li-Wen Hung, Cheng-Ping Shih, Bor-Hwang Kang, Wen-Ying Yeh, Hsin-Chien Chen
ObjectiveTo investigate the latency and amplitude of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and hearing prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).MethodsPatients with ISSNHL were classified into four different recovery groups. All patients' clinical and demographic features were analyzed. Two-channel ABRs were collected in response to click stimuli at 90dB nHL. ABR amplitudes for wave I and ABR latency for waves I, III, and V were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and two patients (54 men and 48 women) were included in the study. Hearing recovery was observed in 72 cases (70.6%). Waves I, III, and V latencies were significantly prolonged in the affected ears compared with the unaffected ears. A smaller wave I amplitude was found in the affected ear compared with the unaffected ear in the three recovery groups. There was a significant association between wave I latency and hearing outcome (p=0.009) with a prolonged trend from complete to slight hearing recovery group.ConclusionsThere was a significant correlation between wave I latency and hearing outcome in patients with ISSNHL. The finding may provide diagnostic information and serve as a potential prognostic indicator in patients with ISSNHL.

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Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials with Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGKs)

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Charlotte Grenade, Marie-Claire De Pauw-Gillet, Catherine Pirard, Virginie Bertrand, Corinne Charlier, Alain Vanheusden, Amélie Mainjot
ObjectiveBiocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials, a new class of CAD–CAM composites, is poorly explored in the literature, in particular, no data are available regarding Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGK). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of PICNs with HGKs in comparison with other materials typically used for implant prostheses. The second objective was to correlate results with PICN monomer release and indirect cytotoxicity.MethodsHGK attachment, proliferation and spreading on PICN, grade V titanium (Ti), yttrium zirconia (Zi), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (eM) and polytetrafluoroethylene (negative control) discs were evaluated using a specific insert-based culture system. For PICN and eM samples, monomer release in the culture medium was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and indirect cytotoxicity tests were performed.ResultsTi and Zi exhibited the best results regarding HGK viability, number and coverage. eM showed inferior results while PICN showed statistically similar results to eM but also to Ti regarding cell number and to Ti and Zi regarding cell viability. No monomer release from PICN discs was found, nor indirect cytotoxicity, as for eM.SignificanceThe results confirmed the excellent behavior of Ti and Zi with gingival cells. Even if polymer based, PICN materials exhibited intermediate results between Ti–Zi and eM. These promising results could notably be explained by PICN high temperature–high pressure (HT–HP) innovative polymerization mode, as confirmed by the absence of monomer release and indirect cytotoxicity.

Graphical abstract

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Correlation between auditory brainstem response and hearing prognosis in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Hung-Che Lin, Yu-Ching Chou, Chih-Hung Wang, Li-Wen Hung, Cheng-Ping Shih, Bor-Hwang Kang, Wen-Ying Yeh, Hsin-Chien Chen
ObjectiveTo investigate the latency and amplitude of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and hearing prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).MethodsPatients with ISSNHL were classified into four different recovery groups. All patients' clinical and demographic features were analyzed. Two-channel ABRs were collected in response to click stimuli at 90dB nHL. ABR amplitudes for wave I and ABR latency for waves I, III, and V were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and two patients (54 men and 48 women) were included in the study. Hearing recovery was observed in 72 cases (70.6%). Waves I, III, and V latencies were significantly prolonged in the affected ears compared with the unaffected ears. A smaller wave I amplitude was found in the affected ear compared with the unaffected ear in the three recovery groups. There was a significant association between wave I latency and hearing outcome (p=0.009) with a prolonged trend from complete to slight hearing recovery group.ConclusionsThere was a significant correlation between wave I latency and hearing outcome in patients with ISSNHL. The finding may provide diagnostic information and serve as a potential prognostic indicator in patients with ISSNHL.

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Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials with Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGKs)

Graphical abstract

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Crystal orientation of poly(ε-caprolactone) chains confined in lamellar nanodomains: Effects of chain-ends tethering to nanodomain interfaces

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Polymer
Author(s): Shintaro Nakagawa, Yuki Yoneguchi, Takashi Ishizone, Shuichi Nojima, Kazuo Yamaguchi, Seiichi Nakahama
We have examined the crystal orientation of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains covalently tethered to nanodomain interfaces at both chain-ends (T2-PCL), one chain-end (T1-PCL), and no chain-end (PCL homopolymers, T0-PCL) all confined in an identical lamellar nanodomain (nanolamella). In order to prepare these PCL chains, we synthesized two kinds of lamella-forming polystyrene-block-PCL-block-polystyrene (PS-b-PCL-b-PS) triblock copolymers with photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl groups (ONB) at either or both of block junctions. The chain-ends tethering significantly affected the tilt angle φ between the c axis of PCL crystals and the normal of nanolamella interfaces (ND). That is, the c axis of T2-PCL crystals oriented almost perpendicular to ND (φ ≥ 70°), whereas that of T0-PCL crystals took completely parallel orientation against ND (φ ∼ 0°) at high crystallization temperatures (>32 °C). The T1-PCL crystal showed an intermediate orientation between T2-PCL and T0-PCL crystals (35° < φ < 55°), which depended moderately on the crystallization temperature. The difference in crystal orientation was discussed in terms of a delicate balance between the heterogeneous nucleation rate and subsequent crystal growth rate by considering the difference in chain mobility based on the state of chain-ends tethering.

Graphical abstract

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Sequence distribution and elastic properties of propylene-based elastomers

Publication date: 24 February 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 111
Author(s): Andy H. Tsou, Alexander I. Norman, Yonglai Lu, Joseph A. Throckmorton, Benjamin S. Hsiao
Three iso-specific organometallic catalysts for ethylene and propylene copolymerization with varying r1r2 parameters, i.e., the products of ethylene and propylene reactivity ratios, were utilized to synthesize equal-molecular-weight propylene-based elastomers (PBEs) of alternating, random, and blocky backbone sequences. To compensate for the variations in catalyst iso-specificity and thus to maintain a constant amount of 50% isotactic propylene trimer concentration, the ethylene content of PBEs was varied between 11 wt % and 16 wt %. Although all three PBEs have an equal amount of crystallizable sequences, the high-C2 (high-ethylene) blocky PBE was found to have the highest crystallinity and crystallization rate, while the low-C2 alternating PBE possesses the lowest crystallinity and rate. This suggests that the backbone sequence distribution of a PBE affects its rate and degree of crystallization. The polypropylene (PP) crystallite width and perfection were enlarged and improved in the order of random, alternating, and blocky PBE, as measured by crystalline peak widths using the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) method. In addition, their crystals, cross-hatched lamellae web and embryonic axialites, which are the assembly of PP crystallites, are largest in the alternating PBE, followed by the random PBE as indicated by bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM). A limited crystallite assembly was noted in the blocky PBE. Increasing crystallite assembly may have led to lowering the crosslink density (less crosslinks) and elasticity erosion. As a result of the wider and more perfect PP crystallites and the lack of assembly of these crystallites in the blocky PBE, it may have the highest crosslink density and strongest crosslinks and, hence, the best elasticity, as measured by set, hysteresis and retractive force, among the three, followed by the random PBE, and then the alternating PBE.

Graphical abstract

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High-strength silk fibroin scaffolds with anisotropic mechanical properties

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Polymer
Author(s): Berkant Yetiskin, Oguz Okay
In contrast to isotropic morphologies of synthetic hydrogels, many biological tissues possess anisotropic hierarchical morphologies leading to extraordinary mechanical properties that cannot be mimicked by synthetic materials. Here, we report preparation of anisotropic silk fibroin cryogels and scaffolds exhibiting a Young's modulus in the range of MPa that sustain up to 20 MPa compressive stresses. The cryogels were prepared by a combined directional freezing – cryogelation process starting from an aqueous 4.2 wt% fibroin solution containing butanediol diglycidyl ether cross-linker and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. In the first step, the reactor containing the aqueous solution of fibroin, cross-linker, and TEMED was immersed into liquid nitrogen at a controlled rate to create a directionally frozen ice template. In the second step, cryogelation reactions were conducted in this frozen solution at −18 °C whereby the cryo-concentrated fibroin in the unfrozen microzones of the reaction system forms a 3D fibroin network. The scaffolds exhibit anisotropic microstructure and hence anisotropic mechanical properties, e.g., the Young's modulus is 3.4 ± 0.5 MPa and 0.8 ± 0.3 MPa when measured along the directions parallel and vertical to the freezing direction, respectively. All the cryogels could completely be compressed due to squeezing out of water from their pores. Upon removal of the load, the compressed cryogels immediately recover their original dimensions and mechanical properties by absorbing the released water into their pores.

Graphical abstract

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Synthesis of polymeric ionic liquids with unidirectional chain topology by AB step growth polymerization

Publication date: 24 February 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 111
Author(s): M. Suckow, M. Roy, K. Sahre, L. Häußler, N. Singha, B. Voit, F. Böhme
Poly(ionic liquid)s with alkyl imidazolium moieties in the main chain were synthesized by step growth addition polymerization of the AB monomers 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-1H-imidazole, 1-(6-chlorohexyl)-1H-imidazole, and 1-(6-bromohexyl)-1H-imidazole in the melt. The molar masses of the polymers were controlled by adding 1-butyl-1H-imidazole as monofunctional chain stopper. The bromine containing monomer polymerized spontaneously at room temperature whereas the chlorine containing monomers were sufficiently stable up to 40 °C. This could be evidenced by DSC measurements which showed a broad exothermal peak above 40 °C caused by the polymerization. MALDI-TOF investigations proved that dissociation of the alkyl imidazolium groups which might disturb the expected directional chain topology (AB-AB-AB…) did not occur. This is an important precondition for the intended cross-linking free grafting reactions of the AB monomers on halide containing polymers without any danger of gelation. Additionally, the results of the MALDI-TOF investigations indicated partial complexation of the polymer with the matrix and structural rearrangements during the measurements which converted the ionic imidazolium moieties into neutral moieties. The thermal behavior of the poly(ionic liquid)s has proved to be dependent on the length of the alkyl linking group between the imidazolium moieties and the type of counter ion.

Graphical abstract

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Radiochemical “degelation” of polymethyl methacrylate networks

Publication date: 24 February 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 111
Author(s): Pierre Gilormini, Emmanuel Richaud, Jacques Verdu
Methyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate networks were synthetized and submitted to radiochemical degradation, with ageing monitored by means of sol-gel analysis. The networks were shown to undergo chain scission predominantly, which leads to their degelation, i.e., the recovery of a thermoplastic-like behavior with loss of all elastically active chains. The degelation dose was shown to increase with crosslink density and the corresponding critical conversion ratio was discussed regarding a recent and general statistical theory that covers radiochemical as well as chemical chain scissions.

Graphical abstract

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Cross-linked, polyurethane-based, ammonium poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid composite films for organic vapor suppression and ion conduction

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Polymer
Author(s): Dylan I. Mori, Rhia M. Martin, Richard D. Noble, Douglas L. Gin
A series of ammonium-diol and -triol ionic liquid (IL) monomers were synthesized and used in step-growth polymerization with the commercial di-isocyanate monomer, toluene-di-isocyanate (TDI), in the presence of free ammonium IL to form new curable ammonium-based polymerized ionic liquid/ionic liquid (PIL/IL) composite film coatings. The use of polyurethane chemistry allows for the near-complete curing of the alcohol and isocyanate monomers to yield solid, homogeneous, cross-linked polyurethane-based PIL/IL composite materials with no volatile side product formation. The physical properties and curing rates of these PIL/IL films were altered by tailoring the structures of the ammonium-alcohol IL monomers, the ratio of the linear vs. cross-linking IL monomers employed, and the amount of free IL in the curing reactions. Although ammonium-based PILs have been reported to be less thermally and electrochemically stable than their imidazolium counterparts in the literature, TGA results indicated a Tonset of up to 300 °C under air for the ammonium PIL/IL composites prepared in this study. These new PIL/IL materials were also tested as curable coatings in a toxic industrial chemical (TIC) vapor suppression and liquid uptake assay using o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) as a simulant for polychlorinated biphenyls. The curable PIL/IL coatings were found to suppress 88% of the o-DCB vapor on o-DCB-contaminated painted steel substrates and 79% of the o-DCB vapor on o-DCB-contaminated rubber substrates, relative to uncoated control samples. However, although effective for TIC vapor suppression, these ammonium PIL/IL coatings only sorbed less than 50% of the applied liquid o-DCB from the same test substrates, making them slightly less effective for this latter application than previously reported imidazolium-based curable PIL/IL coatings. These materials exhibited comparable ionic conductivity values to other types of PIL/IL systems previously reported in the literature. However, it was found that the more heavily cross-linked ammonium-based PIL/IL films were more prone to free IL leach-out at higher temperatures, leading to their unexpectedly higher ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures.

Graphical abstract

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Neutron diffraction study of conducting polyaniline doped with (±) camphorsulfonic acid

Publication date: 24 February 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 111
Author(s): Tomasz Kozik, Maciej Śniechowski, Wojciech Łużny, Adam Proń, David Djurado
Fully hydrogenated and partially deuterated free standing films of polyaniline doped with (±) camphorsulfonic acid (PANIh5/CSA and PANId4/CSA) are subjected to neutron diffraction study. Obtained results are analyzed and compared with X-ray diffraction measurements. The very distinct differences observed between the two neutron diffraction profiles are described in detail. Making use of the recently published new model of the crystalline structure of the PANI/CSA system, the neutron diffraction curves for the analogous structures are calculated. The two calculated neutron diffraction patterns exhibit similar differences as those obtained in experiment. This fully confirms the validity of the refined molecular model elaborated for this still important material for applications as synthetic metals or organic thermoelectrics.

Graphical abstract

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Nanofiltration properties of asymmetric membranes prepared by phase inversion of sulfonated nitro-polyphenylsulfone

Publication date: 24 February 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 111
Author(s): Matan V. Brami, Yoram Oren, Charles Linder, Roy Bernstein
This study is a systematic investigation of preparation and characteristics of membranes, made from sulfonated nitro-polyphenylsulfone (SPPS-NO2) with different degrees of sulfonation and prepared by non-solvent–induced phase separation in different immersion baths (deionized water, 0.1 M HCl, or 1 M NaCl).Following nitration, the PPS-NO2 was sulfonated with different amounts of chlorosulfonic acid to achieve polymers with different ion exchange capacities (IECs), from 0 to 2.2 meq/g.The cross-sectional membrane morphology changed from porous to dense following sulfonation as seen by scanning electron microscopy. The phase inversion of the polymer solution was studied using the cloud-point method, light microscopy, and Langmuir isotherm. It was found that the liquid-liquid demixing of the polymer solution changed due to the increase in the IEC. This was mainly attributed to an increase in polymer miscibility in the aqueous non-solvent bath with an increasing degree of sulfonation. In addition, the phase-inversion properties of the ionic polymers were influenced by changing the aqueous composition of the immersion baths, probably due to partial protonation of the ionic sulfonic groups (in the case of HCl as the non-solvent) or to solvation effect (when NaCl was the non-solvent).Changing the morphology and of the membrane influenced its performance. Increasing the IEC increased the salt rejection and decreased flux. However, the permeability was improved without a large loss of selectivity by changing the non-solvent to aqueous NaCl. In addition, the new membrane showed high chlorine resistance due to the addition of a nitro group to the polymer backbone, and high acid resistance property.

Graphical abstract

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Investigation into dielectric behaviour and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of conducting styrene butadiene rubber composites containing ionic liquid modified MWCNT

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Polymer
Author(s): Jiji Abraham, Mohammed Arif P, Priti Xavier, Suryasarathi Bose, Soney C. George, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas
Designing new conducting materials with a promise for electromagnetic shielding applications attracted a wide spread interest in recent years. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a widely used low cost synthetic rubber for a large number of applications. However, their use in providing an effective barrier for electromagnetic radiations is limited by its poor electrical conductivity. Herein we report a facile synthesis of conducting polymer nanocomposite by incorporating non-covalently functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) with ionic liquid into SBR matrix and achieve a shielding efficiency of ca.35.06 dB @ 18 GHz (i.e ∼99.99% shielding attenuation). Importantly, ionic liquid embedded MWCNT makes it dispersible facilitated through cation–π interaction. A synergy between ionic liquid and MWCNT was well understood by analysing the dielectric behaviour and ac conductivity of composites in the frequency range of 100–20 MHz. A 5 mm thick soft rubber shielding material is fabricated and the shielding performance is analysed by vector network analyser for a frequency range of 2 GHz–18 GHz. A significant enhancement in the shielding effectiveness of the polymer nanocomposite with different amounts of f-MWCNT loading is observed. Electron microscopy analysis (TEM and FESEM) clearly illustrate the excellent dispersion state and microstructural development of MWCNTs within the SBR matrix which in turn accounts for the increase in the shielding performance of the polymer nanocomposite. This work opens up new paradigm for EMI shielding applications based on soft elastomer with the aid of a sustainable and simplified methodology.

Graphical abstract

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Nanoflare heating model for collisionless solar corona

Abstract

The problem of coronal heating remains one of the greatest unresolved problems in space science. Magnetic reconnection plays a significant role in heating the solar corona. When two oppositely directed magnetic fields come closer to form a current sheet, the current density of the plasma increases due to which magnetic reconnection and conversion of magnetic energy into thermal energy takes place. The present paper deals with a model for reconnection occurring in the solar corona under steady state in collisionless regime. The model predicts that reconnection time in the solar corona varies inversely with the cube of magnetic field and varies directly with the Lindquist number. Our analysis shows that reconnections are occurring within a time interval of 600 s in the solar corona, producing nanoflares in the energy range 10 ²¹–10 ²³ erg /s which matches with Yohkoh X-ray observations.

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An unusual case of Epstein-Barr virus-positive large B-cell lymphoma lacking various B-cell markers

Abstract

Backgroud

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with B-cell lymphoma in various conditions, such as immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation. We report an unusual case of EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) lacking the expression of many B-cell markers.

Case presentation

An 83-year-old man presented with a submandibular tumor. Histology of a lymph node biopsy specimen revealed diffuse proliferation of centroblast- or immunoblast-like lymphoid cells with plasmacytic differentiation. Scattered Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-like cells were also visible. A routine immunohistochemistry antibody panel revealed that the tumor cells were negative for B-cell and T-cell markers (i.e., CD3, CD19, CD20, CD38, CD45RO, CD79a, CD138, and Pax-5), but were positive for CD30 and MUM-1, not defining the lineage of tumor cells. The final diagnosis of EBV-positive DLBCL was confirmed based on the expression of B-cell-specific transcription factors (Oct-2 and BOB.1), PCR-based identification of monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes, and the presence of EBV-encoded small RNAs in the tumor cells (identified using in situ hybridization).

Conclusion

The downregulation of broad band of B-cell markers in the present case with EBV-positive DLBCL posed a diagnostic dilemma, as the possible diagnoses included differentiation from anaplastic large cell lymphoma and CD20-negative B-cell lymphomas. Results of immunohistochemical panel including B-cell-specific transcription factors and gene rearrangement analyses critically support the correct diagnosis.

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A Retrospective Study of Ranibizumab Treatment Regimens for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) in Australia and the United Kingdom

Abstract

Introduction

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among persons aged 65 years and older. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment is the recommended standard of care. The current study compares the effectiveness of ranibizumab in routine clinical practice in two countries that generally apply two different treatment regimens, treat-and-extend (T&E) in Australia or pro re nata (PRN) in the UK.

Methods

This retrospective, comparative, non-randomised cohort study is based on patients' data from electronic medical record (EMR) databases in Australia and the UK. Treatment regimens were defined based on location, with Australia as a proxy for analysing T&E and UK as a proxy for analysing PRN. The study included patients with a diagnosis of nAMD who started treatment with ranibizumab between January 2009 and July 2014. A total of 647 eyes of 570 patients in Australia and 3187 eyes of 2755 patients in the UK with complete 12-months follow-up were analysed.

Results

Baseline patient characteristics were comparable between the two cohorts. After 1 year of treatment, T&E-treated eyes achieved higher mean (±SE) visual acuity (VA) gains (5.00 ± 0.54 letters [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.93–6.06]) than PRN-treated eyes [3.04 ± 0.24 letters (95% CI 2.57–3.51); difference in means 2.07 ± 0.69 (95% CI 0.73–3.41), p < 0.001]. Non-inferiority of T&E compared to PRN was concluded based on the change in mean visual acuity gains at 12 months. Over the 12-month follow-up, T&E-treated eyes received a higher mean [±standard deviation (SD)] number of injections (9.29 ± 2.43) than PRN-treated eyes (6.04 ± 2.19) (p < 0.0001). Australian patients had a lower mean (±SD) number of total clinic visits (10.29 ± 2.90) than UK patients (11.47 ± 2.93) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The higher injection frequency in the T&E cohort may account for the trend toward improved vision.

Funding

Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland

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Impact of Adalimumab on Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Large-Scale, Prospective, Single-Cohort ANOUVEAU Study

Abstract

Introduction

The Adalimumab Non-interventional Trial for Up-verified Effects and Utility (ANOUVEAU) was a large-scale, multicenter, prospective, observational, single-cohort study that evaluated the effects of adalimumab (ADA) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related work productivity and activity impairment (RA-related WPAI) and disease activity in routine rheumatology care in Japan.

Methods

Patients with RA were categorized as paid workers (PWs, ≥35 h/week), part-time workers (PTWs, <35 h/week), or homemakers (HMs, unemployed) and were administered the WPAI for RA (WPAI/RA) questionnaire. All patients who received ADA were followed for 48 weeks to evaluate safety and effectiveness.

Results

Of the 1808 patients analyzed, 825, 243, and 740 patients were PWs, PTWs, and HMs, respectively. WPAI/RA domain scores significantly improved at weeks 12, 24, and 48 in all groups, with maximum improvement observed for PWs (p < 0.05). Additionally, remission rates (according to Disease Activity Score 28, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Simplified Disease Activity Index, or Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index scores) and EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level scores significantly increased from baseline to 48 weeks in all groups (p < 0.0001). Analysis of patient subgroups revealed better WPAI/RA outcomes for patients who were biologic-naïve, treated with concomitant methotrexate, or with RA duration of ≤2 years (p < 0.05). The rate of serious adverse events over 48 weeks of ADA treatment was 5.23%.

Conclusions

Treatment with ADA provided sustained improvement in WPAI and had an acceptable safety profile in patients with RA.

Funding

AbbVie GK and Eisai Co., Ltd.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01346488.

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Erratum to: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Individualized Therapy: Tailored Approach to Symptom Management

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The Impact of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SIGMAR1 on Depressive Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

Abstract

Introduction

Ample evidence suggested a role of sigma-1 receptor in affective disorders since the interaction of numerous antidepressants with sigma receptors was discovered. A recent study on Japanese subjects found a genetic variant within the encoding gene SIGMAR1 (rs1800866A>C) associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to evaluate the same polymorphism in both MDD and bipolar disorder (BD) as well as its relationship to response to treatment with antidepressants and mood stabilizers.

Methods

A total of 238 MDD patients treated for an acute episode of depression, 132 BD patients in treatment with mood stabilizers for a manic or mixed episode, and 324 controls were genotyped for rs1800866. At discharge, response to treatments was evaluated in MDD and BD patients by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Young Mania Rating Score (YMRS), respectively.

Results

In our Korean sample, allele frequencies were different from those reported in other Asian and non-Asian populations. The CC genotype was associated with BD and, as a trend, with MDD. No significant effect was observed on response to antidepressants in MDD or mood stabilizers in BD, although the CC genotype was more frequent among BD patients experiencing a mixed episode.

Conclusion

The present findings are the first to propose the putative role of genetic variants within SIGMAR1 and sigma-1 receptor in BD. Sigma-1 receptor can modulate a number of central neurotransmitter systems as well as some other signaling pathways (e.g., neurotrophin and growth factor signaling) which are seemingly involved in BD and other mood disorders.

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Endothelin causes transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Terry W. Moody, Irene Ramos-Alvarez, Paola Moreno Perez, Samuel A. Mantey, Lisa Ridnour, David Wink, Robert T. Jensen
Endothelin (ET)-1 is an important peptide in cancer progression stimulating cellular proliferation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. ET-1 binds with high affinity to the ETA receptor (R) and ETBR on cancer cells. High levels of tumor ET-1 and ETAR are associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Here the effects of ET-1 on epidermal growth factor (EGF)R and HER2 transactivation were investigated using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. ETAR mRNA was present in all 10 NSCLC cell lines examined. Addition of ET-1 to NCI-H838 or H1975 cells increased EGFR, HER2 and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation within 2min. The increase in EGFR and HER2 transactivation caused by ET-1 addition to NSCLC cells was inhibited by lapatinib (EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), gefitinib (EGFR TKI), ZD4054 or BQ-123 (ETAR antagonist), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor) or Tiron (superoxide scavenger). ET-1 addition to NSCLC cells increased cytosolic Ca²⁺ and reactive oxygen species. ET-1 increased NSCLC clonal growth, whereas BQ123, ZD4054, lapatinib or gefitinib inhibited proliferation. The results indicate that ET-1 may regulate NSCLC cellular proliferation in an EGFR- and HER2-dependent manner.

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A Near-peer Point-of-care Ultrasound Elective for Medical Students: Impact on Anatomy Knowledge, Perceptions About Ultrasound, and Self-reported Skill Level

Publication date: Available online 31 January 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Jacqueline T. DesJardin, Santo K. Ricceri, Stephen D. Brown, Emily M. Webb, David M. Naeger, Nathan A. Teismann
Rationale and ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the impact of our institution's recently created point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) course for preclinical medical students by examining its effect on first–year-level medical knowledge, self-reported skill level, and beliefs regarding the importance of ultrasound in future clinical practice.Materials and MethodsA total of 18 first-year medical students completed a 5-month near–peer-led training program in POCUS consisting of 3-hour teaching sessions (7), 4-hour clinical sessions (10–12), and an independent study. Students completed pre- and postprogram assessments examining (1) student perceptions about ultrasound and its importance to future careers, (2) students' self-reported skill level with ultrasound, and (3) performance on an anatomy and physiology knowledge quiz. Scores and responses were compared to 20 controls.ResultsThe majority of students believed that ultrasound was useful for learning anatomy and would be important in their future clinical practice. Students who completed our training program tended to perform better than controls on a test of medical knowledge. Despite reporting far fewer hours of formal ultrasound training, control students rated their skill level comparably to POCUS-trained students.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that ultrasound is well received by medical students and may be useful for teaching basic anatomy concepts.

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The VHI-10 and VHI Item Reduction Translations—Are we all Speaking the Same Language?

The Vocal Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) was designed as an item reduction of the original VHI to provide a quick, reliable, and quantifiable measure of patients' own vocal handicap perception. Many translations of the VHI-10 have been produced, but methodologies of translation vary between articles and do not always mirror that of the English VHI-10. This discrepancy leads to confusion about normative values and the applicability of published data in non–English-speaking cultures. This article examines the various item reductions of the VHI-10 from the VHI and the differing methodologies of translation of the VHI-10.

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The VHI-10 and VHI Item Reduction Translations—Are we all Speaking the Same Language?

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Genetic signature and profiling of head and neck cancer: where do we stand?.

Purpose of review: To focus on two novel aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) genetics of special interest: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, an initial step in tumor progression that finally leads to metastasis formation, by explaining how genes as well as epigenetic factors control this process, and the new diagnostic options based on the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that could revolutionize diagnosis in the coming years. Recent findings: We present an intriguing recently described group of factors, namely miRNAs, deregulated during EMT. MiRNAs could serve as novel markers of EMT and metastasis formation and are also a potential therapeutic target. Second, we show recent findings on CTC and cfDNA analysis in HNSCC that demonstrate the usefulness of this new diagnostic approach. Summary: We stress the importance of EMT in the context of metastasis formation and the potential of liquid biopsies in clinical practice. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Is p16 an adequate surrogate for human papillomavirus status determination?.

Purpose of review: In head and neck cancer management, immunoexpression of protein p16 is widely used as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity due to challenges of direct HPV testing. Previously p16 has been reported to have good sensitivity but only moderate specificity in HPV-status determination. The aim of this review is to evaluate the existing information on sensitivity and specificity of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HPV-status determination among the recent studies. Recent findings: We searched the time period from October 2014 to April 2016 and included 28 studies (a total of 31 analyses), which reported both p16 and HPV status in their series. The sensitivity of p16 in HPV determination ranged between 28.2 and 100.0%. The mean and median sensitivities were 90.5 and 95.4%, respectively. The specificity ranged between 31.1 and 100.0%. The mean and median specificities were 83.3 and 87.3%, respectively. Summary: Our review presents current information on the feasibility of p16 IHC in HPV status determination, which is in line with previous studies. Patients with HPV-positive tumors can be identified with p16 IHC, but a risk for misclassification of HPV-negative tumors as HPV positive exists. This fact has to be taken into consideration if HPV status will influence treatment planning. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Early secondary bone grafting in children with alveolar cleft does not modify the risk of maxillary permanent canine impaction at the age of 10 years

Alveolar cleft management has remarkably improved in the last few years. Today, it is multidisciplinary with functional, esthetic and psychological objectives. Maxillary bone grafting with gingivoperiosteal flaps associated with orthodontic preparation is a integral part of alveolar cleft management (Abyholm et al., 1981, Bergland et al., 1986, Eppley et al., 2000, Theologie-Lygidakis et al., 2014). However, if maxillary bone grafting is performed before the age of 2 years, it might compromise midfacial growth (Robertson et al., 1968, Fudalej et al.

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Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets

Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression that do not directly alter DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, small and non-c...

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Editorial Board

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews, Volume 53

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A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 1: General concept and validation

The need for a widely accepted method suitable for a multicentre quantitative evaluation of facial aesthetics after surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) has been emphasized for years. The aim of this study was to validate a novel computer system 'Analyse It Doc' (A.I.D.) as a tool for objective anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region.

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A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 2: Comparative anthropometric analysis of patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and healthy individuals

The aim of this study was to use a novel system, 'Analyse It Doc' (A.I.D.) for a complex anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region in patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and in healthy individuals.

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Evaluation of maxillary sinus after Le Fort I osteotomy using various fixation materials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate maxillary sinus and predict the factors affecting the postoperative sinus condition after Le Fort I osteotomy using various fixation materials.

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The role of parotid gland irradiation in the development of severe hyposalivation (xerostomia) after intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: Temporal patterns, risk factors, and testing the QUANTEC guidelines

The aims of this study were to investigate temporal patterns and potential risk factors for severe hyposalivation (xerostomia) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC), and to test the two QUANTEC (Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic) guidelines.

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The role of parotid gland irradiation in the development of severe hyposalivation (xerostomia) after intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: Temporal patterns, risk factors, and testing the QUANTEC guidelines

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Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Vein: Clinical and Radiographic Features of 113 Cases.

Purpose: Dilated superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) is an uncommon radiographic finding. The authors review the presentation, etiology, radiography, and visual implications of 113 patients with dilated SOV. Methods: An observational case series and multicenter retrospective chart review were conducted. There were 113 patients with a dilated SOV. Outcome measures included patient demographics, clinical features, radiographic findings, diagnosis, and treatment, and treatment outcomes were assessed. Results: Cases included 75 women (66%) and 38 men (34%) with a mean age of 49 +/- 24 years (range, 0.4-90 years). Diagnoses fell under 6 categories: vascular malformation (n = 92, 81%), venous thrombosis (n = 11, 10%), inflammatory (n = 6, 5%), traumatic hemorrhage (n = 2, 2%), lymphoproliferative (n = 1, 1%), and infectious (n = 1, 1%). Imaging modalities utilized included MRI (n = 98, 87%), digital subtraction angiography (n = 77, 68%), CT (n = 29, 26%), and ultrasonography (n = 4, 4%). Disease status at last follow up included no evidence of disease (n = 57, 50%), alive with persistent disease (n = 53, 47%), and expired from disease (n = 3, 3%). Treatment and management was tailored to the underlying disease process with a mean follow up of 18 months (range, 1 day to 180 months). Visual impairment observed at presentation and last follow up across all cases was 26% and 22%, respectively. Conclusion: Dilated SOV is a rare radiographic finding resulting from a wide spectrum of etiologies with clinical implications ranging from benign to sight- and life-threatening. Dilated SOV is most often found with dural-cavernous fistula or carotid-cavernous fistula, orbital or facial arteriovenous malformation, and venous thrombosis. Recognition of this finding and management of the underlying condition is critical. (C) 2017 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.

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Posterior Medial Canthal Thermoplasty.

Purpose: To describe a new, simple, quick, and minimally invasive surgical technique for managing medial canthal tendon laxity. Methods: The technique works by creating a directed posterior lamellar scar. Sutures are preplaced in firm medial canthal tissue, and a triangular diathermy burn is made between this fixation point and the medial tarsal plate (sparing the canaliculus). This area is then plicated horizontally by bringing the preplaced sutures through the medial tarsal plate. The authors report a retrospective case note review of a consecutive case series of 55 patients (59 procedures). All patients with moderate to severe medial canthal tendon laxity underwent a medial thermoplasty procedure in addition to standard surgery for correcting their eyelid malposition (entropion, ectropion, or symptomatic lax eyelids). Results: The study cohort included 30 men and 25 women, with a mean age of 77 years (range 51-93). Epiphora was the commonest presenting complaint (47%) followed by ocular irritation (44%), with the remainder heaving a combination of symptoms. Lower eyelid ectropion (n = 30, 51%) and entropion (n = 26, 44%), constituted the most common indications for surgery. The average postoperative follow-up period was 16 months (range 3-63 months). Fifty-three eyes (90%) had complete resolution of symptoms, while 2 (3.4%) had partial reduction of epiphora. With regard to the eyelid margin position, 57 eyelids (96.6%) were anatomically in a normal position, while 2 operations failed despite early satisfactory results. In terms of correction of medial canthal tendon laxity, 49 cases (83%) were deemed successful. There were no major complications, nor any significant long-term sequelae. Conclusion: Posterior medial canthal thermoplasty provides a simple, effective, and safe option for addressing medial canthal tendon laxity. (C) 2017 by The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc., All rights reserved.

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A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 2: Comparative anthropometric analysis of patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and healthy individuals

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Evaluation of maxillary sinus after Le Fort I osteotomy using various fixation materials

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Early secondary bone grafting in children with alveolar cleft does not modify the risk of maxillary permanent canine impaction at the age of 10 years

http://ift.tt/2jsWT6l

Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets

Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression that do not directly alter DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, small and non-c...

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A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 1: General concept and validation

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Early secondary bone grafting in children with alveolar cleft does not modify the risk of maxillary permanent canine impaction at the age of 10 years

A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 1: General concept and validation

The need for a widely accepted method suitable for a multicentre quantitative evaluation of facial aesthetics after surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) has been emphasized for years. The aim of this study was to validate a novel computer system ‘Analyse It Doc’ (A.I.D.) as a tool for objective anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region.

http://ift.tt/2keqsWs

http://ift.tt/2jTXnkm

Evaluation of maxillary sinus after Le Fort I osteotomy using various fixation materials

A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 2: Comparative anthropometric analysis of patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and healthy individuals

The aim of this study was to use a novel system, ‘Analyse It Doc’ (A.I.D.) for a complex anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region in patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and in healthy individuals.

http://ift.tt/2keoK7i

http://ift.tt/2jU1Cws

The role of parotid gland irradiation in the development of severe hyposalivation (xerostomia) after intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: Temporal patterns, risk factors, and testing the QUANTEC guidelines

Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets

http://ift.tt/2jU7shf

Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets

Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression that do not directly alter DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, small and non-c...

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Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets

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Posterior Medial Canthal Thermoplasty.

Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Vein: Clinical and Radiographic Features of 113 Cases.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of Trueperella pyogenes reveals a novel antimicrobial strategy

Abstract

Trueperella pyogenes is a prevalent opportunistic bacterium that normally causes diverse suppurative lesions, endometritis and pneumonia in various economically important animals. Although the genomic information of this species has been announced, little is known about its functional profiles. In this study, by performing a comparative transcriptome analysis between the highly and moderately virulent T. pyogenes isolates, we found the expression of a LuxR-type DNA-binding response regulator, PloR, was significantly up-regulated in the highly virulent T. pyogenes. Protein crystal structure prediction and primary functional assessment suggested that, the quorum-sensing signal molecules of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli could significantly inhibit the growth, biofilm production and hemolysis of T. pyogenes by binding to the upstream sensor histidine kinase, PloS. Therefore, the PloS/PlosR two-component regulatory system might dominate the virulence of T. pyogenes. Our findings provide a major advance in understanding the pathogenesis of T. pyogenes, and may shed new light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control T. pyogenes infection.

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Temporal evolution of the signal intensity of hyper-acute ischemic lesions in a canine stroke model: influence of hyperintense acute reperfusion marker

Abstract

Background

To assess the influence of the hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) on the relative signal intensity (rSI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of hyper-acute ischemic lesions in a canine stroke model.

Methods

Middle cerebral artery occlusion models were established using autologous clot embolization. Diffusion-weighted (DW) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging was performed at 1, 2, 3, 4.5 and 6 h after embolization. HARM was defined as the delayed enhancement of cerebrospinal fluid on the subsequent FLAIR images after contrast media used.

Results

Twenty-four stroke models were successfully established and divided into the HARM (n = 16) and No-HARM group (n = 8). No significant differences were found in the rSI on DWI (b0 and b1000 map) and relative ADC between the two groups at each time point after embolization (all P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rSI on FLAIR at 1 and 2 h after embolization between the two groups (P > 0.05), while the HARM group showed significantly higher rSI on FLAIR than the No-HARM group at 3, 4.5 and 6 h after embolization (P = 0.044, 0.036 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

HARM should be noted during the quantitative analysis of FLAIR images in future clinical practice.

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Abnormal regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in adjustment disorder of new recruits: a resting-state fMRI study

Abstract

Purpose

To explore the regional spontaneous neural activity and functional connectivity alterations of adjustment disorder (AD) in new recruits with in vivo resting-state functional MR (rs-fMRI).

Materials and methods

Resting-state fMRI was performed in 31 recruits with AD and in 31 control recruits. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to detect the regional synchronizing features of neuronal activations. Correlative analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) score and ReHo in regions with significant group differences. Regions with significant correlation were then defined as regions of interest (ROIs), and seed-ROI based whole-brain functional connectivity was performed.

Results

Compared with the controls, patients with AD had significantly lower ReHo in the left posterior cerebellar lobe, bilateral medial orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral caudate and left middle temporal gyrus, whereas regions with enhanced ReHo were confined to bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus. Only the left posterior cerebellar lobe showed significant correlation between ReHo and the SCL-90 score, and was defined as the seed ROI. Decreased functional connectivity was found between the ROI and bilateral supplementary motor area.

Conclusion

This study reveals abnormalities in recruits with AD in baseline brain function activities, which could further improve our understanding of the neural substrates of cognitive impairment in AD.

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Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets

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Ghiasvand et al. Respond to “Indoor Tanning—A Melanoma Accelerator?”

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Thanks to you

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Contributors

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1

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Advances in the Management of Mandibular Condylar Fractures

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1
Author(s): Martin B. Steed

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Copyright

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1

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Plating Options for Fixation of Condylar Neck and Base Fractures

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1
Author(s): Eric L. Bischoff, Ryan Carmichael, Likith V. Reddy

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Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1

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Forthcoming Issues

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1

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The Biology of Open Versus Closed Treatment of Condylar Fractures

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1
Author(s): Susan K. Snyder, Larry L. Cunningham

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Management of Pediatric and Adolescent Condylar Fractures

Publication date: March 2017
Source:Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, Volume 25, Issue 1
Author(s): Martin B. Steed, Caleb M. Schadel

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Traffic-related air pollution and allergic disease: an update in the context of global urbanization.

Purpose of review: The review aims to give an update on the literature around traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic disease in the context of global urbanization, as the most populous countries in the world face severe TRAP exposure challenges. Recent findings: As research continues to show that gene-environment interactions and epigenetics contribute to the TRAP-allergy link, evidence around the links to climate change grows. Greenspace may provide a buffer to adverse effects of traffic on health, overall, but pose risks in terms of allergic disease. Summary: The link between traffic-related pollution and allergy continues to strengthen, in terms of supportive observational findings and mechanistic studies. Levels of TRAP across the world, particularly in Asia, continue to dramatically exceed acceptable levels, suggesting that the related adverse health consequences will accelerate. This could be counterbalanced by primary emission control and urban planning. Attention to combined effects of TRAP and allergen exposure is critical to avoiding misleading inferences drawn though examination only of isolated factors. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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A wide scope of new developments in occupational allergy and clinical immunology.

No abstract available

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Editorial: moving ahead faster than ever.

No abstract available

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Update on asthma and cleaning agents.

Purpose of review: Asthma due to cleaning products has been known for 20 years, and the interest in this topic is still large because of the number of cleaning workers with respiratory problems. In this review, we sought to highlight the most recent findings on the relationship between exposure to cleaning products and asthma and to summarize the specific literature published between 2013 and 2016. Recent findings: Women are confirmed as most of workers exposed to cleaning products and have a higher frequency than men of work-related respiratory symptoms and diseases. Many cases of asthma due to cleaning products occur in healthcare occupations. The increased risk of asthma has been shown to be related to the number of years in the job and to early life disadvantage. Recent evidence suggests that predisposition to adult-onset asthma may be related to interaction between genes and occupational exposure to low-molecular weight agents/irritants. There is some evidence that an irritant mechanism is more common, although several case reports showed animmunologic mechanism (e.g. disinfectants, amine compounds, aldehydes and fragrances). Summary: The review updated recent findings on epidemiology, cleaning agents and their mechanism, and prevention of asthma due to cleaning agents. This article provides new information on the level of exposure, which is still high in professional cleaners and even more in domestic cleaners, and on the frequency of asthma in professional and domestic cleaners. An irritant mechanism is more common, although an immunological mechanism is possible, especially in healthcare workers exposed to disinfectants. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Social media use for occupational lung disease.

Purpose of review: Social media have great impact on all aspects of life throughout the world. The utilization of social media for occupational lung disease, however, has been much more limited. This article summarizes recent literature concerning social media for occupational lung disease and identifies areas for additional use. Recent findings: Social media are used in six relevant areas: information dissemination, peer-to-peer communication, survey research data collection, participatory research and exposome data acquisition, assessing public concerns, and knowledge generation. There are very clear advantages for information dissemination from experts to workers and on a peer-to-peer basis, although variable credibility and accuracy concerns persist. For research, social media have been used for acquiring data posted for nonresearch purposes and for efficiently collecting information specifically for research. The benefits of efficiency, democracy, and very large data sources may counterbalance concerns about inadequate specification of recruitment strategies and limited control over data quality. Summary: The potential benefits of using social media for lung health-workplace interactions are much greater than the very limited current utilization. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Combined p16 and p53 expression in cervical cancer of unknown primary and other prognostic parameters

Abstract

Background and purpose

Cervical cancer of unknown primary (CUP) represents an uncommon and heterogeneous subentity of head and neck cancer. However, both optimal diagnostics and therapy remain unclear. An improved understanding of the underlying pathology is essential to enable future tailored therapies and optimized outcomes.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with head and neck CUP and 48 available cervical lymph node specimens. All patients have received radiotherapy between 2007 and 2015. Preradiotherapy involved lymph node specimens were analyzed for p16 and p53 immunoreactivity. The prognostic relevance of the combined p16 and p53 status and other clinical parameters were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Median patient age was 61.5 years and median irradiation dose to the involved nodal levels was 66 Gy. Of the 48 evaluated specimens, 13 (27%) were p16-positive and 31 (64.6%) p53-positive. After a median follow up of 32.9 months, patients with p16-negative and simultaneously p53-positive tumors showed a significantly inferior tumor-specific survival (TSS) compared to those with either p16+/p53−, p16+/p53+, or p16−/p53− (univariate: p = 0.055, multivariate: p = 0.038). Other factors with an adverse impact on TSS in the univariate analysis were smoking history (p = 0.032) and nodal stage (p = 0.038).

Conclusions

The combined p16- and p53-expression status in cervical metastases of CUP may represent a simple method for risk stratification. Further validation of these biomarkers in large prospective trials is essential to design rational trials for CUP treatment optimization.

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A wide scope of new developments in occupational allergy and clinical immunology.

No abstract available

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Editorial: moving ahead faster than ever.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2kRLdWQ

http://ift.tt/2kpnErF

Traffic-related air pollution and allergic disease: an update in the context of global urbanization.

Social media use for occupational lung disease.

Update on asthma and cleaning agents.

The effects of MWCNT length on the mechanical, crystallization and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of PP/MWCNT composites

Abstract

The length of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has an important influence on the properties of polymer/MWCNT composites. This study aims to examine the influence of the length of MWCNT on the mechanical properties, distribution, melting and crystallization behavior, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of PP/MWCNT composites. The test results show that MWCNT of a short length contribute to better mechanical properties and have a better dispersion in the matrix. MWCNT also serve as a nucleating agent for PP, thereby increasing the crystallization temperature (T_c). In particular, short MWCNT provide PP/MWCNT composites with a greater degree of cyrstallinity. The conjunction of 8 wt% long MWCNT in PP/MWCNT composites results in an optimal electrical resistivity of 65.02 Ω-cm, and an average EMI SE of −29.47 dB. The polymer/MWCNT composites have properties that can be adjusted by using different lengths of MWCNT, which is advantageous for application in diverse products.

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Inhibition of neutrophil elastase contributes to attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury during neutropenia recovery in mice

Abstract

Purpose

Patients in whom neutropenia recovery is complicated by pneumonia have an increased risk of acute lung injury (ALI) and detrimental outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether inhibition of neutrophil elastase (NE) is effective in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery in a murine model, and whether it upregulates the activation of the MerTK signaling pathway.

Methods

Cyclophosphamide was given to mice to induce neutropenia. Seven days later, they were administered LPS by intratracheal instillation. Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, was given by intraperitoneal injection once daily starting on day 0 and continuing until mice were sacrificed on day 5 (preventive group). Alternatively, sivelestat was given after, instead of before, LPS administration on day 2 (therapeutic group).

Results

Sivelestat attenuated the lung edema and histopathological changes associated with LPS-induced lung injury. The accumulation of neutrophils and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were inhibited effectively by sivelestat. The expression of ICAM-1 and NF-κB p65 was also reduced after sivelestat administration. The protein and gene expression of MerTK tended to increase with sivelestat treatment.

Conclusions

Sivelestat significantly attenuated LPS-induced ALI during recovery from neutropenia, and this effect was associated with MerTK induction. These findings suggest that NE inhibition could be a promising means of alleviating lung inflammation without increasing susceptibility to infection in ALI/ARDS during neutropenia recovery.

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A guideline for perioperative smoking cessation

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Focused cardiac ultrasound in the early resuscitation of severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective pilot study

Abstract

Purpose

Point-of-care ultrasonography has been increasingly used in the care of critically ill patients; however, reports on its use during active resuscitation are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the true impact of focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) during the management of sepsis with early (6-h) resuscitation.

Methods

A prospective pilot observational study was conducted at an academic medical center from March 2011 through July 2012. Patients undergoing resuscitation for severe sepsis or septic shock were prospectively enrolled at medical and combined medical–surgical intensive care units. Patients underwent a 10-min FCU examination when echocardiography was not part of their care plan. FCU was performed by sonographers and interpreted by cardiologists to minimize risks of inadequate image acquisition and misinterpretation. Intensivists completed surveys on their diagnostic and therapeutic plans before and after receiving FCU information.

Results

Of the 30 patients enrolled, 18 (60%) were male and the median age was 61 years [interquartile range (IQR) 50–71 years]. Median central venous oxygen saturation and lactate levels were 59.6% (IQR 53.1–66.2%) and 2.7 mmol/L (IQR 1.2–4.1 mmol/L), respectively. Clinical assessment by intensivists before FCU commonly failed to correctly estimate ventricular function; specifically, left ventricular in 12 patients [40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 25–58%] and right ventricular function in 15 patients (50%, 95% CI 33–67%). Intensivists' therapeutic plans changed in eight cases (27%, 95% CI 14–44%) after FCU information became available. The most common changes were fluid management and imaging tests. Intensivists' confidence in their therapeutic plans improved for 11 patients (37%, 95% CI 22–55%).

Conclusion

FCU is a valuable examination tool during early resuscitation of severe sepsis and septic shock.

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Effectiveness of Type I Tympanoplasty in Wet and Dry Ear in Safe Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Abstract

The aims and objectives of the study were to compare the rate of graft uptake after type 1 tympanoplasty in wet and dry ears and also to compare the postoperative hearing improvement in wet and dry ears. It was a Non Randomized Experimental Study. This study was done in ENT OPD at Tertiary Health Care Institute of Central India. It was conducted from November 2012 to October 2014 on 86 patients having Safe Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. The patients were divided into two groups as Dry ear group and Wet ear group. Dry ear group included patients whose ear was dry for at least 6 weeks prior to the surgery. Wet ear group included patients who had minimal mucoid discharge in the middle ear which on culture and sensitivity showed no microorganisms. Type 1 Tympanoplasty was done in all patients. Results were analyzed statistically. Complete graft uptake was seen in 86.95% cases of Dry ear group and 80% of Wet ear group and the difference was statistically insignificant. Hearing improvement was achieved in 80% cases in dry group and 67.5% cases in wet group. The difference in hearing improvement in both groups was also statistically insignificant. So conclusion was drawn that, presence of minimal mucoid ear discharge at the time of surgery does not affect the success rate of Type 1 Tympanoplasty.

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Effectiveness of Type I Tympanoplasty in Wet and Dry Ear in Safe Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Abstract

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Establishing percentile charts for hip joint capsule and synovial cavity thickness in apparently healthy children

Abstract

Background

The usefulness of musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) in paediatric population is limited by lack of reference values. One of such parameters is hip joint capsule thickness, postulated as an early measure for synovitis. However, the joint capsule is hardly a distinguished structure from slit synovial cavity in patients with little or no fluid collection. Therefore, in patients without effusion, it is more convenient to measure hip joint capsule thickness together with synovial cavity.

The aim of the study was to establish percentile chart for hip joint capsule and synovial cavity thickness (HJC&SCT) in apparently healthy children.

Material and methods

The analysis included 816 US of hip joint in 408 children without musculoskeletal disorders, distributed equally throughout the whole developmental period in 18 one-year subgroups. Hip joints US was performed according to standard protocol including measurement of HJC&SCT in a single rheumatology centre by three investigators.

Results

The 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th HJC&SCT percentile curves were depicted in the age and height charts for the combined group of girls and boys. The median HJC&SCT values were increasing with age from 3.7 (C10 - C90: 3.3 – 4.2) mm in the first year of life up to 6.7 (5.8 – 7.3) in 16 years old, and above. In a similar way the increase was seen with height from 3.9 (3.5 – 4.7) mm in shorter than 95 cm to 6.9 (6.2 – 7.4) mm in taller than 169 cm subjects. Intra-observer and inter-observer mean precision was less than 1.8 and 12.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

The developed centile chart for hip joint capsule and synovial cavity thickness in the paediatric population is expected to improve detection of hip joint capsule disorders, including synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

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Fecal calprotectin in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients related to drug use

Abstract

Background

Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may experience abdominal pain. In adults, NSAID use has been linked to an increase in fecal calprotectin (FC) levels, a surrogate marker for gut inflammation. In JIA, data on gut inflammation related to drug use is scarce.

Methods

JIA patients followed up at the outpatient pediatric rheumatology clinic in Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland were routinely assessed for FC if they complained about abdominal pain, had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or used NSAIDs on a daily basis. The FC levels were related to the presence of abdominal pain, to ESR, and to the presence of HLA-B27.

Results

Of the total group of 90 patients (median age 9.1 years; 45 JIA patients with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 25 without DMARD medication, and 20 arthralgia patients as controls), approximately 50% used NSAIDs, of whom 40% complained about abdominal pain. In patients with abdominal pain, one-third had elevated FC values (>100 μg/g). The FC values, for the most part, declined along with the discontinuation or reduction of NSAIDs and after intensifying the DMARD medication, where after the pain disappeared. In patients with an elevated ESR, the FC values and ESR normalized in parallel. The presence of HLA-B27 was not associated with FC levels.

Conclusion

In patients with JIA and abdominal pain, it may be useful to determine the FC when evaluating the need for further gastrointestinal examinations.

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Tuning of Muscle Synergies During Walking Along Rectilinear and Curvilinear Trajectories in Humans

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a methodology based on muscle synergies to investigate whether rectilinear and curvilinear walking shared the same neuro-motor organization, and how this organization was fine-tuned by the walking condition. Thirteen healthy subjects walked on rectilinear and curvilinear paths. Electromyographic data from thirteen back and lower-limb muscles were acquired, together with kinematic data using inertial sensors. Four macroscopically invariant muscle synergies, extracted through non-negative matrix factorization, proved a shared modular organization across conditions. The fine-tuning of muscle synergies was studied through non-negative matrix reconstruction, applied by fixing muscle weights or activation profiles to those of the rectilinear condition. The activation profiles tended to be recruited for a longer period and with a larger amplitude during curvilinear walking. The muscles of the posterior side of the lower limb were those mainly influenced by the fine-tuning, with the muscles inside the rotation path being more active than the outer muscles. This study shows that rectilinear and curvilinear walking share a unique motor command. However, a fine-tuning in muscle synergies is introduced during curvilinear conditions, adapting the kinematic strategy to the new biomechanical needs.

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Effectiveness of Type I Tympanoplasty in Wet and Dry Ear in Safe Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Abstract

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Risk Factors for Varicella Susceptibility Among Refugees to Toronto, Canada

Abstract

Several outbreaks of varicella have occurred among refugees. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of varicella susceptibility among refugees, and identify risk factors for varicella susceptibility. All refugees rostered at Crossroads Clinic in Toronto, Canada in 2011–2014 were included in our study. Varicella serology was assessed at the initial visit. Refugees' age, sex, education, time since arrival, and climate and population density of birth country were abstracted from the chart. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for varicella susceptibility. 1063 refugees were rostered at Crossroads Clinic during the study; 7.9 % (95 % CI 6.1, 9.7) were susceptible to varicella. Tropical climate (OR 3.20, 95 % CI 1.53, 6.69) and younger age (OR_{per year of age} 0.92, 95 % CI 0.88–0.96) were associated with increased varicella susceptibility. These risk factors for varicella susceptibility should be taken into account to maximize the cost-effectiveness of varicella prevention strategies among refugees.

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Language Barriers Among the Foreign-Born in Canada: Agreement of Self-Reported Measures and Persistence Over Time

Abstract

Persistent language barriers are associated with poor health outcomes. The agreement between reporting a language barrier at time of immigration and in the 2007–2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) was calculated using kappa scores among foreign-born individuals who arrived to Ontario, Canada between 1985 and 2005. A total of 2323 immigrants were included, with a mean (± SD) time of 10.2 ± 6.4 years between immigration and completing the CCHS. Only 6 % of immigrants reported a persistent language barrier, resulting in a low agreement between the two sources (kappa = 0.06, 95 % CI 0.042–0.086). Though immigrants were less likely to report a persistent language barrier the longer they had been in Canada, only 13 % of immigrants who had arrived <2 years ago reported one. Self-reported language barriers at time of immigration are poor indicators of persistent language barriers. There is a need for a better measure of language barriers among Canadian immigrants.

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Barriers to Recruitment and Adherence in a Randomized Controlled Diet and Exercise Weight Loss Intervention Among Minority Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract

Minority recruitment to cancer trials is low and there are limited data on minority adherence to lifestyle modification interventions. We examined factors related to recruitment and adherence to a pilot weight loss intervention among Hispanic and black breast cancer survivors. Participants completed a detailed screening interview to assess barriers to enrollment. An index was created to assess adherence at 6 months. 112 potentially eligible women were identified; 66 consented and completed a screening interview. After screening, 9 were ineligible; 15 opted to not enroll; and 42 were randomized. Among eligible women, earlier stage at diagnosis, treatment type, and negative beliefs related to exercise and diet after diagnosis were negatively associated with study enrollment (P < 0.05). Self-reported barriers to adherence included fatigue, family responsibilities, illness, work, transportation, and negative perceptions of exercise and diet. Results from this study emphasize the need to adapt recruitment and adherence strategies to address these factors.

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Πληροφορίες

Τρίτη 31 Ιανουαρίου 2017

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