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Παρασκευή, 15 Ιουλίου 2016, 10:24:39 πμ
Covalently and Ionically Crosslinked Chitosan Nanogels for Drug Delivery
Παρασκευή, 15 Ιουλίου 2016, 10:24:41 πμ
Chitosan nanogels present a very interesting combination of valuable characteristics for drug delivery; those derived from their nanometric size, such as, large surface area, rapid stimuli-response, and easy functionalization; and those emerged especially from their biocompatibility, biodegradability and mucoadhesive nature. Due to this, chitosan nanogels have reached a prominent position as nanocarriers and have originated accelerated research worldwide. Diverse methods to prepare chitosan nanogels have been reported, showing a dependence on final swelling, drug encapsulation capability and release properties with different synthesis variables, in such a way that they can be exploited to be modulated. The present review describes the properties of chitosan nanogels, along with the different methods of crosslinking and confining chitosan in nanosized particles, and the various fields of drug delivery where they have been applied. This work aims to emphasize the connection between the characteristics of chitosan and the synthetic variables with the final properties of chitosan nanogels in order to enhance controlled drug loading and a sustained release.
A Review on Novel Breast Cancer Therapies: Photodynamic Therapy and Plant Derived Agent Induced Cell Death Mechanisms
Πέμπτη, 14 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:03:00 πμ
This review article presents an extensive examination of risk factors for breast cancer, treatment strategies with special attention to photodynamic therapy and natural product based treatments. Breast cancer remains the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide and the detection, treatment, and prevention are prominent concerns in public health. Background information on current developments in treatment helps to update the approach towards risk assessment. Breast cancer risk is linked to many factors such as hereditary, reproductive and lifestyle factors. Minimally invasive Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used in the management of various cancers; it uses a light sensitive drug (a photosensitizer, PS) and a light of visible wavelength, to destroy targeted cancer cells. State of the art analyses has been carried out to investigate advancement in the search for the cure and control of cancer progression using natural products. Traditional medicinal plants have been used as lead compounds for drug discovery in modern medicine. Both PDT and plant derived drugs induce cell death via different mechanisms including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation and even the regulation of various cell signalling pathways.
Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Hydrolytic Stability Assessment of Selected Antibiotics in Aqueous Environment
Πέμπτη, 14 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:03:00 πμ
Hydrolysis is one of the most important abiotic processes leading to the degradation of organic compounds in aqueous media. Although there have been many reports concerning the biodegradability or photostability of the investigated compounds, much less information is available on their hydrolytic stability. Moreover, hydrolysis rates have been established using procedures other than the recommended standardized OECD 111 procedures. This standard ensures that 1st category reliability data for the ERA of pharmaceuticals is obtained. Therefore, in this study we have applied optimized analytical procedures utilizing HPLC for determination of degradation rates in aqueous environment of ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), enrofloxacin (ENR) and metronidazole (MTZ). This study, aims to assess hydrolytic stabilities of these compounds, which are the four most commonly used pharmaceuticals. The developed procedures let us determine all of the analyzed pharmaceuticals in various pH values of solution, over three times magnitude linearity ranges, high precision (RSD % <8.2) as well as detection limits in the range of 0.007 to 0.033 mg L-1. Obtained analytical performance parameters enabled us to track in details hydrolytic kinetics even of the very low concentrations. The results clearly showed that the hydrolytic degradation of tested pharmaceuticals is below 10% in a pH range from 4 to 9. This means that the half-lives of these compounds in an aquatic environment are higher than 1 year at 25 °C. Thus, hydrolytic pathways do not lead to a fast degradation and reduced risk of persistency for the investigated compounds.
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