Evaluation of mandibular bone after dental extraction in rats treated with antiresorptive drugs

Publication date: Available online 3 August 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Victor Lousan Do Nascimento Poubel, Diogo Lenzi Capella, Adair Roberto Soares Santos, Márcio Correa, Letícia Ruhland Correa, Elena Riet Correa Rivero
PurposeZoledronic acid (ZOL) and denosumab (Dmab) are commonly used to treat bone pathologies. Given that both drugs suppress bone metabolism, this study sought to compare their effect on bone repair after tooth extraction.Materials and MethodsFour-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups receiving either 0.125 mg/kg ZOL or 0.25 mg/kg Dmab (treatment groups), or 10 ml/kg saline solution (control group). After 1 week of treatment, the first left molar was extracted; the rats were euthanized at 28 days. The jaws were removed and photographed for macroscopic analysis of wound healing, and then, were subjected to tomographic analysis and histological analysis. Immunohistochemistry was carried out against receptor activator of nuclear Kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).ResultsNo difference was found between the groups in terms of wound healing, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and bone sequestration, or osteocyte expression of RANKL and OPG. On tomography analysis, the ZOL group showed less alveolar resorption and more complete alveolar repair compared with the other groups. There was a statistically significant difference in OPG marker in the control (P=0.008) and ZOL group (P=0.05) when comparing the extracted and non-extracted sides.ConclusionThe systemic use of ZOL can improve alveolar bone healing; however, the potential risk for the development of osteonecrosis should be considered. Higher expression of OPG seems to be associated with osteoclastogenesis control during bone repair.



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