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Παρασκευή, 15 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:55:50 πμ
Telomerase as a Cancer Target. Development of New Molecules
Παρασκευή, 15 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:55:52 πμ
Telomeres are the terminal part of the chromosome containing a long repetitive and noncodifying sequence that has as function protecting the chromosomes. In normal cells, telomeres lost part of such repetitive sequence in each mitosis, until telomeres reach a critical point, triggering at that time senescence and cell death. However, in most of tumor cells in each cell division a part of the telomere is lost, however the appearance of an enzyme called telomerase synthetize the segment that just has been lost, therefore conferring to tumor cells the immortality hallmark. Telomerase is significantly overexpressed in 80–95% of all malignant tumors, being present at low levels in few normal cells, mostly stem cells. Due to these characteristics, telomerase has become an attractive target for new and more effective anticancer agents. The capability of inhibiting telomerase in tumor cells should lead to telomere shortening, senescence and apoptosis. In this work, we analyze the different strategies for telomerase inhibition, either in development, preclinical or clinical stages taking into account their strong points and their caveats. We covered strategies such as nucleosides analogs, oligonucleotides, small molecule inhibitors, G-quadruplex stabilizers, immunotherapy, gene therapy, molecules that affect the telomere/ telomerase associated proteins, agents from microbial sources, among others, providing a balanced evaluation of the status of the inhibitors of this powerful target together with an analysis of the challenges ahead.
Treatment for Cancer Patients with Oral Mucositis: Assessment Based on the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer in International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) in 2013 and Proposal of Possible Novel Treatment with a Japanese Herbal Medicine
Παρασκευή, 15 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:55:52 πμ
The cancer patients who received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplant and terminal care often have a wide range of stomatitis, which induces severe pain and limits fundamental life behaviors such as “eating, drinking and talking”. In addition, oral mucositis frequently leads to systemic infection through opportunistic microorganisms, which causes extension of hospitalization. Severe oral mucositis often causes cancer patients to partially or completely discontinue/modify cancer therapy regimen, which adversely affects the curative effects of cancer. Therefore, the control of oral mucositis is important and indispensable for improvement of quality of life and prognosis. In this review, we introduce recent trends of the oral mucositis management in cancer patients, according to the following sentences; 1) pathophysiological mechanisms of oral mucositis, 2) assessment, 3) risk factors, 4) prevention and treatment, and 5) development of novel therapy for oral mucositis.
Nab-Paclitaxel in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Defining the Best Patient Profile
Παρασκευή, 15 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:55:52 πμ
Around 40% of patients with breast cancer will present with a recurrence of the disease. Chemotherapy is recommended for patients with recurrent hormone-independent or hormone-refractory breast cancer and almost all patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) receive chemotherapy during their medical history. Nanoparticle albuminbound (nab)-paclitaxel is a solvent-free, 130-nanometer particle formulation of paclitaxel. Nab-paclitaxel can be administered to all patients for whom the treatment choice is a taxane. In this review, 6 patient profiles for which nabpaclitaxel may be particularly useful are described and analyzed: (i) as first-line treatment of MBC, (ii) as second-line treatment of MBC after oral chemotherapy, (iii) after a standard taxane, (iv) as third-line treatment after a standard taxane and oral chemotherapy, (v) for patients with HER2-positive MBC and (vi) for patients with intolerance to standard taxanes. Nab-paclitaxel is a rational treatment choice for patients with MBC in different settings, as well as for those with prior exposure to a standard taxane.
Role of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl and its Targeting in Cancer Cells
Πέμπτη, 14 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:10:20 πμ
Aberrant expression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is a frequent feature of tumor cells that may underlie tumor aggressiveness. Among RTK, Axl, a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer family, represents a potential therapeutic target in different tumor types given its over-expression which leads to activation of oncogenic signaling promoting cell proliferation and survival, as well as migration and invasion. Axl can promote aggressiveness of various cell types through PI3K/Akt and/or MAPK/ERK, and its expression can be transcriptionally regulated by multiple factors. Deregulated Axl expression and activation have been shown to be implicated in reduced sensitivity of tumor cells to target-specific and conventional antitumor agents, but the precise mechanism underlying these phenomena are still poorly understood. Several small molecules acting as Axl inhibitors have been reported, and some of them are undergoing clinical investigation. In this review, we describe Axl biological functions, its expression in cancer and in drug-resistant tumor cells and the development of inhibitors tailored to this receptor tyrosine kinase.
Synthesis and Anti-thyroid Cancer Effect of Iodo-chrysin Derivatives
Πέμπτη, 14 Ιουλίου 2016, 9:10:20 πμ
A novel series of iodo-chrysin derivatives with resorcinol as raw materials were synthesized according to Baker-Venkataraman reaction and their inhibitory activities in vitro against thyroid cancer cell lines (SW-579 and TT) were evaluated by the standard methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) method. Biological test results showed that these derivatives possessed stronger anti-thyroid cancer activities than 5-FU. Compound 21 showed the strongest activity against SW-579 cell lines with IC50 value of 3.4μM and compound 10 showed the strongest activity against TT cell lines with IC50 value of 6.2μM, it was better than 5-FU (59.3μΜ, 18.4μM respectively).
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