Interstitial Lung Disease, Body Mass Index, Energy Expenditure and Malnutrition—a Review

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a spectrum of chronic disorders that cause various degrees of inflammation or fibrosis in the pulmonary interstitium. Although limited, data exists on nutritional concerns in ILD. However, previous research has not fully explored the broad range of potential nutritional concerns in ILD and impacts on outcomes. The purpose of this review was to identify and describe the overall nutritional status and relating concerns within the ILD population.

Recent Findings

Appropriate weight management in this population may positively impact both pre- and post-transplant survival. Additionally, accounting for adequate muscle mass may predict better outcomes than considering body mass index alone. Current research has identified risk of malnutrition related to decreased muscle strength, increased energy expenditure, vitamin D deficiency, and increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Summary

Current research is preliminary and further research is necessary to identify established nutritional complications in this population.

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