Chemical composition and biological activities of Ammoides verticillata essential oil from west Algeria

Abstract

For years, different chemical and synthetic compounds have been used as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, but their widespread use causes ecological and medical problems. So there is interest in the use of herbs and spices that have been used since ancient times for their perfume, flavor, preservative and therapeutic properties. This study aims to determine the chemical composition and to prove the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Ammoides verticillata Briq. essential oil, which is an aromatic plant commonly found in west Algeria and used for its culinary and health purposes. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation was examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and then its antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging test using different concentrations of the oil. For proving its antimicrobial activity, a disc diffusion method was used against seven standard bacterial strains and one yeast, then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined using the micro-dilution method. The essential oil of Ammoides verticillata has a powerful antimicrobial activity against five bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Micrococcus luteus) and the yeast Candida albicans, with MIC values between 0.78 and 2.34 μl/ml. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was determined using a DPPH test system, the inhibitory concentration 50% is 15.37 μg/ml. The GC/MS analysis revealed thymol as the major component (45.77%), followed by monoterpenes (p-cymene, limonene, and γ-terpinene: 44.31%). This composition supports the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, further researches are important for determining the active molecules and evaluating new therapeutic properties.

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